Values and Types
Every Python value carries its type. How to inspect types, understand memory references, and navigate casting and truthiness traps.
Variables and Naming
What makes a Python identifier legal, the 35 reserved keywords, the danger of shadowing built-ins, and PEP 8 conventions.
Data Types
Python's four scalar and four collection types—int, float, str, bool, list, tuple, dict, set—mutability, ordering, and hashability.
Expressions and Operators
Arithmetic operators, strict float division, right-to-left exponentiation, PEMDAS precedence, and structuring computations.
F-Strings
Formatted string literals, precision specifiers, alignment padding, conversion flags, and debug mode.
Input and Output
User input streams via input(), why input always returns a string, and custom print formatting with sep and end parameters.