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2 docs tagged with "Metrics"

Scoring a fitted model — what each number measures, what units it is in, and when it misleads.

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Error in the Units of y

Why MAE, MSE and RMSE can report three different numbers for the same predictions, why RMSE is never below MAE, what their ratio tells you about outliers, and why scikit-learn hands back a negative mean squared error.

R², Adjusted R² and MAPE

Settles why R² can exceed 1 or go negative, why SST = SSR + SSE only holds for a least-squares fit, why adding a junk feature never lowers R² but does lower Adjusted R², and why scikit-learn's MAPE returns 0.0296 rather than 2.96%.